History of BDSM & Bondage. The art of bondage, which involves the erotic use of physical restraints, is deeply embedded in human sexuality. Its origins date back much further than its current association with BDSM (Bondage, Discipline, Dominance, Submission, Sadism, and Masochism). Historically, physical restraint was common in various contexts including punishment, religious rituals, and martial arts. However, its evolution into a form of sexual expression has been a gradual process.
Traces of restraint and power dynamics in both erotic and spiritual settings can be found in ancient cultures. Ancient Greek rituals connected to deities like Dionysus sometimes featured elements of flogging or physical dominance. In addition, the Kama Sutra, an ancient Indian text, outlines various consensual power exchanges and role-playing scenarios that involve binding.
Transition from Control to Pleasure
Among significant historical influences is Japan’s contribution. Hojojutsu, a martial art focusing on restraining captives with ropes, was eventually transformed in the early 20th century into an erotic art form by Japanese artists like Seiu Ito. This transformation gave birth to Kinbaku (meaning “tight binding”), which emphasizes the aesthetic and emotional aspects of erotic rope bondage. This would eventually lead to the development of Shibari, a modern interpretation that highlights the artistry and elegance of the ties.
The history of erotic discipline and BDSM subcultures spans centuries. Western documentation of erotic discipline, including themes of sexual cruelty and power dynamics, slowly increased in the 18th and 19th centuries, notably with the writings of the Marquis de Sade (which coined the term “sadism”). Despite Victorian-era public modesty, underground literature and photography featuring spanking and bondage (often with a “damsel in distress” motif) flourished.
The 20th century marked a turning point. Post-WWII, the Leather subculture formalized BDSM practices within gay communities. Simultaneously, pin-up photography (e.g., Bettie Page) popularized bondage themes for a broader audience. The 1970s Sexual Revolution brought BDSM into the mainstream, leading to the formation of safe-practice organizations and the establishment of ethical guidelines like “Safe, Sane, and Consensual” (SSC) and “Risk-Aware Consensual Kink” (RACK), which drew a clear line between consensual kink and violence. For more on a history of BDSM & Bondage check out our other blog posts.
